Nietzsche and the Nazis Essay Example for Free

Nietzsche and the national socialists EssayThe word Nazi has been recal conduct with feelings of regret, fear, horror and the threat of violent crimes throughout human history. However, nothing can conceal or change the reality of the period of Nazi Weltanschauung and its consequences for humanity and elaboration. It was a deep refreshment of German souls as the Indo-European race and a incarnate movement of cerebrals, writers and social leaders in support of Christian and Protestant society against Jews. Nevertheless, the appealing eccentricity of the growing ideology among anti-Semite writers and thinkers very much attracted the perplexity of the Nazis. They examined the complex philosophical works of Nietzsche, Hegel, Fichte, Treitschke, and Huston Stewart Chamberlain, and ultimately concluded with the hard philosophical system of Nazism, including racist, nationalistic, and anti-Semitic sides (Aschheim, 1992, p. 123).It was not very difficult for Nazis to find a way to use many intellectuals ideal systems, philosophies and literature as they proceeded in the way that led to the holocaust and racial genocide. For instance, Wagner hated Jews, thus, his operas contained myths, fighting, pagan gods, heroes and demons. As an artist, Wagner had bred the growing hunger of anti-Semitism with his art to a great extent. Besides Wagner, Huston Stewart Chamberlain, the British author who was the composer Richard Wagners son-in-law, deeply influenced Hitler with his fundamentally racist text Foundations of the 19th Century, and understanding this helps to explain why the final solution took place (Harms, 2001).Nonetheless, Hegel believed that the state was everything and war was a great purifier. Thus, the idea of restoring the ethical health of people was borrowed from Hegels philosophy by the Nazis. On the different hand, politicians resembling Georg von Schnerer, a German nationalist and a strong anti-Semite, and Karl Lueger, the mayor of Vienna, suppo rted Nazi Weltanschauung from the heart by their political policies and notions. However, unlike the other cultural icons Nazis utilized, the kindred between Nietzsche and the Nazis developed in an odd, but widely effective manner.Nietzsches influence as a philosopher and a writer was apparently limited to his closest friends and more or less intellectuals in Austria, France and Denmark (Canada, 1997). His books were not widely read or considered by publishers. However, after becoming insane by the end of the 1890s, his fame immediately spread around europium and he became a figure of considerable importance in German history. Macintyre states in his book The Forgotten Fatherland (as cited in Canada, 1997) that Nietzsches name started to appear in popular German journals and newspapers as well as numerous books, which collectively promoted him as the philosopher of the time, whose influence is stirring the entire cultural world.This shift in the attitude toward Nietzsche and his work was a bit because of the ideological movement from rationalism and empiricism to romanticism during the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century, according to Hintons Nietzsche in German Politics and Society (as cited in Canada, 1997). Consequently, suffering the subjugation of Napoleon as well as witnessing the growing strength of the West, the German population, experiencing a reason of inferiority, attempted to assure itself of its innate prizeity by glorifying its history and culture with no doubts, according to the point of view Kohn (as cited in Canada, 1997). At this point, Nietzsches mental finale made him a prime target for this German myth-making project.Nietzsche and his philosophys affiliation with the Nazi movement occurred as a product of the need for raw material to arrive at a new valid consciousness for humanity under the unity of a superior nation. Hitler and other Nazi leaders made use of Nietzschean philosophy wherever po ssible. In other words, Nietzsches philosophy was a blueprint for the Nazis war, and they took Nietzsches logic to drive the atheistic world view to its legitimate conclusion (Krueger, 2001). Nietzschean phrases and themes, such as lords of the earth, the go forth to power, herd instinct, were most often used in public speeches, and written expressions of Nazi leaders, furthermore, appeared even in Hitlers book, Mein Kampf, many times. Nietzsches open-ended philosophy gave life-size opportunities to Nazis as a means of support for their war.For instance, in The Will to Power, Nietzsche exclaims (as cited in DeLong, 1959) A daring and ruler race is building itself up. The aim should be to unionize a transvaluation of values for a particularly strong kind of man, most highly gifted in intellect and will. This man and the elite around him will become the lords of the earth. Ultimately, the idea of superior German nation, the idea of superior individuals everywheremans, in other wo rds as members of that nation and the idea of exerting extreme power over others that were inferior and weak, emerged as the fundamental codes of Nazi culture, and keywords for their aim. Nietzsche played a key role in the development and preservation of the cultural and ideological foundations of the Nazis (Canada, 1997). In short, in terms of political culture, with his peculiarity Nietzsche had a significant role in German history by having an important effect on the Nazi movement.As Crane Brinton states (cited in Geib, 2001), Nietzsche called for the superman Mussolini and Hitler answered the call. Nazis and other anti-Semites perceived Jews as scapegoats in every situation, even for their get personal failings. They never forgave the Jews for possessing spirit and money, and named them as poor (Canada, 1997). This notion was very similar to the one that Nietzsche used to describe his overman in Thus rung Zarathustra (1967) For that man be delivered from revenge that is for m e the bridge to the highest hope and a rainbow after long storms (127).At this point, it is clear that, according to the point of view of the Nazis, Nietzsches open-ended philosophy was working for them and their goal, while making Nazis ideologies concrete and reliable. The Nietzschean overman was the model of the Aryan race, which was destined to conquer other lesser races in the global struggle for racial supremacy (Canada, 1997). Nietzschean heroic idealism embodied the virtues of hardness, masculinity, leadership, courage, power, struggle, and the various other characteristics promoted by the Nazis. By introducing the overman to humanity, Nietzsche advised people to challenge themselves, not to live passively. It was a good reason for anti-Semites to take action and responsibility in the way that led toward creating a higher against reproducing a lower.Having a great willingness to be powerful in order to take possession of the life and destiny of a superior race, Nazis needed the cooperating hand and inspiration of Nietzsches philosophy, and Nietzschean themes and phrases, such as the will to power. Because Nietzsche cried out for the survival of the strongest, thus, a strong world while building his philosophy and creating the overman, at the same time, he supplied Nazis with a strong argument that they later used to reinforce their ideological system and movement. As Nietzsche exclaimed for the masters and slave morality, anti-Semites perceived themselves as the master of the world, commanding the rest as humiliated slaves.They treated people other than anti-Semites as dangerous creatures or obstacles threatening the cultural and racial transcendency of the Aryan state. By exerting force on them, Nazis kept themselves safe from the misfortune and curse of declining Jews. They stepped forward in every situation that gave them the chance to realize the Nietzschean slogan Whatever does not kill me makes me stronger. Moreover, they preferred war and cour age to charity, with the illumination of the Nietzschean phrase, Ye shall love peace as a means to new wars (as cited in DeLong, 1959). They fought for years, lived dangerously and tried to become hard in terms of the Nietzschean will to power. War against the lower to attain the higher was a kind of ritual for the purpose of the Nazi movement.Besides all the inner attractive forces of Nietzsches philosophy for the Nazis, Nietzsches Sister Elizabeth (who was a radical anti-Semite), had a vital influence in the affiliation of Nietzsche and the Nazis. She interpreted everything in Nietzsches philosophy as creating a perfect accord with Nazi ideologies and values. In other words, she served Nietzsches philosophy on the ideological plates of the Nazi leaders as the master(prenominal) food of their meal. After the death of Nietzsche, Elizabeth took over the control of Nietzschean ideas and themes, and immediately hurled them upon the Jews with ideal appropriations she could succeed in m aking legitimate.For instance, as Kaufmann states, Elizabeth published new editions that incorporated her own introductions, which were intended to explain those passages that seemed antagonistic to the pro-German image of Nietzsche she was attempting to create. In many instances, Elisabeth rearranged material and included new passages in her editions of her brothers work (as cited in Canada, 2001). In short, Elizabeth reflected Nietzsche as a German patriot and a heroic warrior in the Nazi movement (Aschheim, 1992, p. 47-48). After all, Elizabeth Nietzsche became an important icon for the Nazis as both the sister and a wondrous follower of Nietzsche. Rosenbergs elaborate funeral service for Zarathustras sister was the best example of Elizabeth Nietzsches importance.On the other hand, anti-Semitism was the mainstay of the Nazi movement, and the structure of the Nazi movement was influence completely according to the spirit of anti-Semitism. The Nazis built their gentility and jur isprudence system upon the basis of the Nietzschean philosophy. Heroic idealism and the will to power were the basic themes of the Nazi education system, where they perceived Nietzsche as their teacher (Aschheim, 1992, p.234). In this way, the objective of education was fairly clear Nazis wanted to manufacture efficient, clever, and brave soldiers and leaders of tomorrows Germany.Under the direction of Rosenberg, Hitlers official supervisor of German educational activities, along with Bernhard Rust, the Reich Minister of Education, the Nazi educational system was inundated with Nietzschean literature. Parts from such works as Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil, and The Will to Power were heavily integrated into the school system as required reading (Aschheim, 1992, p.245). Too much of Nietzschean strong, meaningful, encouraging phrases and slogans like whatever does not kill me makes me stronger or I have a why of living and can put up with any how were repeated ceaseles sly and drawn into the mainstream thought of Nazi youth.Besides the influence of Nietzschean doctrines in the education system, the jurisprudence and judgment system were inspired by Nietzsches philosophy, as well. Hans Frank, the Reich Commissioner for Justice, once commented, both personally and objectively, it is of importance to me that Nietzsche of all people has become the mentor of German jurisprudence (as cited form Macintyre in Canada, 2001) As in the case of education, thoughts and writings of Nietzsche were change and appropriated to the Nazis legal and judicial objectives.In terms of these, violent punishments of anti-Semites were understood as being advocated in the words of Nietzsches philosophy. For instance, having experienced life in the concentration camps of the Nazis, Dr. superscript Frankl asserted (as cited in Geib), I am absolutely convinced that the gas chambers of Auschwitz, Treblinka and Maidanek were ultimately prepared not in some ministry or other in B erlin, but rather at the desks and in the lecture halls of nihilistic scientists and philosophers. As it is clear in the preceding quotation, the educational system based on Nietzschean doctrines was inevitably one of the main points of argument for the reasons of genocide and other violent acts committed by Nazis.Without a question, Nietzsche was perceived by the Nazis as being the intellectual and spiritual pillar of their regime (Canada, 1997). Such a creative policy gave the Nazis an intellectual justification and respectability to their ideology, while being the source of legitimization to their actions as well. peradventure the most telling explanation of Kohn (as cited in Canada, 1997) concerning the Nazis motivation for appropriating Nietzsche, was that the former were attempting to create a mythical continuity in German history that would serve as a means for legitimizing the Nazi Weltanschauung.. As a result, with the great desire of being the biggest power not only in Ge rmany, but also in the rest of the world, the Nazis made use of everything that would serve their purposes. And building upon a philosophical basis of a very appropriable scheme of Nietzsche, Nazis managed to draw their political culture upon vital foundations of one of the turning points of German history.BibliographyAschheim, S. E. (1992). The Nietzsche Legacy in Germany, 1890-1990. Berkeley University of California Press.Canada, G. (2001). Nietzsche and the Third Reich. In Nietzsche online.Available http//student.vwc.edu/phialpha/%5CGreg.html (December 8. 2001).DeLong, J. B. (1998). William L. Shirers Take On The Relationship Between Friedrich Nietzsche and The Nazis. In Nietzsche and Hitler online.Available http//econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Nietzsche.html (December 12, 2001)Geib, R. J. (2001) Frederick Nietzsche Religion, Imagery and Politics online.Available http//www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/nietzsche/nietzsche.html (December 1, 2001).Harms, W. (2001) Bernard Silberman. In University of Chicago Quantrell Award Winner Bernard Silberman online.Available http//www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/quantrell/silberman.html (December 7, 2001).Krueger, D. (1997). A Review of Zachariass A Shattered Visage The reliable Face of Atheism. In That Colossal Wreck online.Available http//www.infidels.org/library/modern/doug_krueger/colossal.html (December 12, 2001).Nietzsche, F. W. (1967). Thus Spoke Zarathustra. New York Heritage Press.

Essay Essay Example for Free

Essay EssayThere argon many things in our life that we can buoy compare and contrast to adept another, but one subject that stands out to me would be the differences between male and womanly athletic supporters. We all defy friends that are male and female in our life. Although, we do not very notice it sometimes but there are many similarities and differences between having male and female friends. Therefore, in this paper I leave alone be explaining the similarities and differences in having male and female friends.When talking near female friends, most people think around emotions. Female friends love to talk to each other about emotions, which draws them closer as friends. They talk about the deepest problems and never hold back how they feel to one another. Female friends leave behind also show physical intimacy by hugging one another and kissing each others cheek. They also are more comfortable around each other. For example, females are not scared to change cl othes around each other and tell each other how they are really feeling. Although, having a female friend is more capable to put drama in our life. Drama is something most girls strive for they love to have a lot of drama in their life. This habituation for females can cause a lot of problems for themselves as well as their closest friends. Having a female friend can also be an wages for other females because they will let their friends borrow each others items. Therefore, if someone needs a new dress for a party they can just look into their friends closet and simply take it for the night. Female friends are good to have although male friends are completely different than the female friends in our life.Although when we talk about male friends, most people think loyalty. Un kindred female friends male friends do not like to talk about emotions. Males like to talk about other things as in, basketball games, different girls they think are cute, or how life is going in general. Male friends also do not show physical contact like female friends do. Male friends do not like tousually hug or touch their female or male friends unless it is their significant other. They also do not hide anything they will tell us the truth no matter how bad it will hurt us. Unlike female friends they do not like nor carry drama. Male friends do not like drama at all, they stand as far away as possible from it. The advantage of having a male friend is they do not strive for drama like females, so we will not be pulled into their problems. Also unlike female friends, males do not let other friends borrow their clothes, they rarely let anyone touch or have their clothes but themselves. These many differences between male and female friends that I have mentioned also have similarities.No matter how many differences male and female friends have, there are also many similarities. Having both(prenominal) male and female friends give us many options on who we can go and talk to about anyt hing. No matter if they are a female or male friend, we know that they will always be here to protect us and take care to every problem we have. Both types of friends also make us feel wanted and loved. Even if we are having a bad day we have both genders of friends to cheer us up not matter the circumstances.In conclusion, female and male friends are similar and different in many ways. We need to be friends with both female and male to make a good balance in our friendships. No matter how much female or male friends we have they all benefit us in many ways. Although, there are many differences in the gender of friends, they are always here for us no matter the differences or similarities.

Refugee Children In Developing Societies

Refugee sisterren In Developing SocietiesThe unify Nations High Commissi peerlessr for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated there were oer 9.6 one cardinal million refugees brio world-wide in 2003. That same division the Global IDP estimated that nearly 25 million people were internally displaced in approximately 50 countries. Most of these individuals were barbarianren, oblige to live for months, sometimes years, in camps.1According to Grace Michel over 2 million boorren choose died as a direct extend of armed conflict. At least 6 million children imbibe been permanently handicapped or seriously injured, and more than than 1 million have been strip or detached from their families.2. Although lists argon punishing to verifade because of the illegality of much of the cross-border movement of children, as well as inadequacy reliable registration system of refugee children. These figures only account for those who atomic number 18 caught and repatriated but the majority of children go undetected. In addition many countries are unwilling to accept the scale and nature of the conundrum. Refugee children And yet scorn importance of the refugee children moorage only in 1993 UNHCR introduce Guidkine on testimonial and accusation refugee children In order to improve and enhance the breastplate and care of refugee children, UNHCR has adopted a insurance on Refugee Children, endorsed by the UNHCR Executive Committee in October 1993. The UNHCR Guidelines on Refugee Children, first published in 1988, have been updated in the light of the new Policy and are presented in this document. At their core lays the realization of the admit which childrenRefugee children definitely face dangers to their safety device and well being than the average child. The brutal interruption of they family carriage and geological fault of community structures by the conflict or natural disaster fag deeply affect the personal and psychological well being. Children must als o spot with the trauma of loss -of their family members, prepares, neighborhoods and communities. In addition, millions of children have been forced to stunner or even take explode in horrifying acts of violence familiar call out and violence is a nonher come of many refugee children. Children are dependent on adults dish up, international organization and host countries generosity. Refugee children need to be providing with the basic needs deal the nutrition, water and sanitation, suitable shelter and wellness care including health gentility. Also for many refugee children the basic need is glide slopeing gentility to provide better future vocation opportunities. Many children especially on a first instance need food and urgent shelter, sleeping outdoors exposed to higher run a risks of contracting malaria or infections, non to mention the feeling of safety. They need safeguard against economic exploitation as they a great deal are forced to work in fields be to ho st communities in exchange for food or low pay. Refugee children need a governments tribute against ethnic and religion discrimination from host countries population and apology against sexual violence, especially refugee ophrense. . FinallyChildren need to help with tracking disordered family.A number of children called for the authorities to stop abusing, imprisoning and repatriating them to their home countries, while others said they should be entitled to free cultivation in the host countries.Southern Africa Child migrants tell all 29 April 2008 Integ computed Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Southern Africa Child migrants tell all, 29 April 2008, available at http//www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48200579b.html accessed 3 December 2009Health SUMMARY OFINTERNATIONAL TREATIES TOPROTECT CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT Internet http//www.unicef.org United Nations Childrens FundUNICEF House, OPSCENHealth is the basic need very important aspect of refuge children well-being. First instance is to secure for refugee children to basic needs want access to clean water, nutrition, sufficient shelter, and access to medical operate including hospitals and psychological and professional therapy assistance.I terms of water and shelter important is to organize a safety zone where children can fell comfortable and have access to food and clean water any time of the day and night. The emergency hospitals should provide prerequisite help in terms illness and injury and technical assistance for expectant yields and maternity cases, and nursing get under ones skins. More difficult cases should be direct to local anesthetic hospitals. Good step in prevention of diesis, HIV/Aids spreads among children is health education. As well develop preventive health care and abolish denigrating traditional practices, especial to contendd small girls comment among Africans tribes.The disruption and in bail in refugee details can harm childrens physical, intellectual, psychologic al, cultural and social development. In addition, children suffer or witness the torture or murder of family members or other forms of nuisance or violence. Unaccompanied children are particularly vulnerable.First and fore or so, the emotional well-being of children is influenced by the protection and care they receive from their families and communities. Adults often suffer greatly in refugee situations this canInfluence their susceptibility to provide for their children. Sometimes parental distress results in child abuse, abandonment, family strife and other forms of family disintegration.During refugee situations, children face greater risks to their psychological development. Hardships in refugee situations are chronic. Children may be living in constant fear or fretfulness parents may be too stressed or traumatized to give good care children may suffer from malnutrition and illness. Children are affected not only by what happens to them, but by what they are deprived of, for example missing out on developmental essentials such as play and school.Children need more than services which are directed just to them. Preschool play groups, for example, serve an important purpose, but if a parent cannot meet the childs emotional needs because the parent is too physically weak or emotionally stressed, then the childs greater developmental need is for the parent to receive help.First objective must be to restore normalcy, that is, to help the family function as normally as possible ensure existing a daily routine which increase they security and feeing of prediction. When life becomes stable, when they can cuss on good things happening on a predictable basis, such as eating, going to school, playing, the sense of normalcy gives psychological security. Important from point of psychosocial well-being of refugee children is long assistance with information regarding they situation, decents and responsibilities as well as future possibilities. learning is a basic service which should be provide to all children, including refugee children. unluckily this service is less reachable for them in spite of fact that many schoolgirlish people believe that education is essential to their survival, protection and full recovery from their experience of armed conflict and disasters. They notice in education the answers to their need for self-respect, economic and transaction opportunity and the voice in society. Education also represents an essential status to peace and security of community and family. Yet, despite of central role in their lives, refugee children divulge quite often difficultly to access education. While the primary school education is more accusable for children, unripeneder people find more difficult to pretend into higher education The major barriers to enter education can lay in sort of obstacles like is high equal of dish outing school and transportation problems, language and custom barriers, especially for girls. For example in Uganda, although Universal Primary Education was instituted for all children including refugee, tolls for materials and uniforms stay puted out of reach for most young people in the war-torn north. Non-tuition costs for primary school in northern Uganda averaged $ one hundred twenty per year, and petty(a) school costs were about $350 per year in a country where the estimated annual per capita income was $140 in 2001Competing responsibilities are next major obstacles to embark education. Teen parents, heads of households and orphans have particular difficulties obtaining education because, in addition to caring for themselves, they had the added responsibilities of caring for younger siblings and sometimes their own children. On the top of this obstacles there is the lack of facilities suit children and teaching lag, lack of flexible hours to accommodate work and family responsibilities and/or vocational and skills training linked to jobs . Sierra Leone is a good ill ustration of this problem where young people viewed education as a way to establish the peace, and said that access to education opportunities would help them feel less excluded from society, especially for demobilized soldiers who need to gain skills and access trainings to help them in job market. Educational opportunities and jobs are denied to girls who drown them into commercial sex work market or early marriages.The barriers can lay also in the host country policies. In Albania during the refugee crisis of 1999, Albanian Kosovars were welcomed to take refuge in camps and urban areas in Albania, but the government did not allow all young people immediate access to in the public eye(predicate) education. Some refugees entered public schools, and some did not. Some refugees set up their own schools without initial external support and still others were attracted to schools opened by religious groups during the crisis.Girls situation is even more dramatic, despite commitments to gender friction matchity in education. Girls dont have equal access to education, compared with their male refugee. For instance, 60 percent of girls in Sierra Leone were not hearing primary school, and at least 76 percent did not attend secondary school, compared to 71 percent of boys. In northern Uganda, boys were more liable(predicate) to complete primary school and did better on Primary Leaving Examinations than girls, and fewer girls went on to secondary school. Most girls and boys in each region hold that, in general, parents valued boys education more than that of girls. Girls also said inadequate clothing, security and sanitary supplies kept many out of school.According to UNHCR approximately 1 million refugee children are enrolled in UNHCR education support program. 40 percent of enrolled are girls and adelnece women, 8 percent are enrolled at pre=school, 82% are attending primer school and 9 percent benefit from secondary school. unaccompanied 1 percent is attending h igher education system. Page 7 Document Summary note on UNHCR s strategy and Activities Concerning refugee children Geneva may 2002 http//docstore.ingenta.com/cgi-bin/ds_deliver/1/u/d/ISIS/53779900.1/oup/reflaw/2003/00000015/00000001/art00149/08C6A8EBB1C9214B1259885548168C930EA581BF55.pdf?link=http//www.ingentaconnect.com/error/deliveryformat=pdThe major solution to education problem is ensuring that all refugee children have access to primary and basic education and where possible secondary and professional education will help reduce the risk of exploitation. Special programs should be tailored to the needs of girls who have dropped out of school to reduce the risk of violence abuse. Children not only refugee should be educated on their rights. Various forms of social and life skills training will help young people to make better life choices and help them protect themselves from exploitation. Equal participation of girls in school should be actively promoted. The community also sh ould be involved in recruiting and managing teaching staff and educators whom they feel they can trust, as teachers can also be sexual abusers. Cancellation of school fees or low cost of education should be placed. Furthermore, the clubs and counseling later on school offering support and relax.Ensure Access to Education SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR REFUGEE CHILDREN Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and internally Displaced PersonsSexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and Internally DispImportant is to mention of education for disable refugee children who quite often safer isolation from community due to their conditions. Children with disabilities often do not get any support and services they need like physical rehabilitation, specialized education and social integration are sometimes neglected. Some times families, health workers and teachers have not understood the importance of including disabled children in normal patterns of ac tivity. In some refugee situations, rehabilitation services are not provided because nationals do not have access to such services but still teachers should be encouraged to include disabled children in their classes whenever possible. Clear guidelines should be given on the physical needs of children with various types of disabilities. A corroborative attitude towards children with disabilities must be encouraged.SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR REFUGEE CHILDREN Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced PersonsSexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced PersonsRefugee children, particularly unaccompanied and separated from families children often can find them at risk of sexual abuse and violence. Their limited ability to protect themselves and limited protection or lack of protection from the law of the host countries and international institution make them varounable to sextioal explotaion.In many c ases, trafficking may involve payment to child family or even child themselves Child abuse and exploitation at heart the family is much more complex challenge as sexual violence within the family is to the highest degree always seen as a private matter that should not involve outsiders as a result, an abused child may be goddam for the mishap and be further victimized. Also the abuse is cared by the person responsible for protecting and caring for the child.The teenage mothers especially described pitiful and harsh lives I have to sleep with so many men to make 1500, so that I can feedmyself and my child. They pay me 300 each time, but if I am lucky and I get an NGO worker he can pay me 1500 at one time and sometimes I get 2000 (girl mother in Guinea) or I sleep with different men but mostly NGO workers because I have to eat and feed my child (girl mother in Liberia) GuineaIts difficult to escape the trap of those NGO people they use the food as bait to get you to sex with them. (refugee child)page 17 defend children from the protectors lessons from West Africa by Asmita Naik 15 october 2002 Force Migration reviewDisplaced children and adolescents challenges and opportunitiesPerProtecting Children in Emergencies Escalating Threats to Children Must Be Addressed VOL.1, NO.1 SPRING 2005 unhurt the Children SC-glob-apr05.pdfAlthough numbers are difficult to estimate because of the illegality of much of the cross-border movement of children, as well as lack relaible registration refugee children. These figures only account for those who are caught and repatriated but the majority of children go undetected. In addision many countries are unvilling to accept the scale and nautre of the problemThe children who told their stories in the book called for better protection in host countries, teaching children and communities about the dangers of travelling to and living in foreign countries, and for a halt to the abuse, imprisonment and forced repatriation often inf licted on them.Refugees from armed conflicts widely distributed increased from 2.4 million in1974 to more than 27.4 million in 1996, with another 30million people displaced within their own countries. Childrenand women make up an estimated 80 percent of displacedpopulations.*Children are affected by war in many ways, but one of theSUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES TO PROTECT CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTAt any one time, more than 300,000 children worldwideare fighting as soldiers with government forces or armedopposition groups,13 accounting for 10 percent of thecombatants in ongoing conflicts.14 Children under theage of 18-some as young as seven-are activelyparticipating in hostilities in 27 countries worldwide.15Since 1990, over 2 million children have died as a directresult of armed conflict. At least 6 million children havebeen permanently disabled or seriously injured, andmore than 1 million have been orphaned or separatedfrom their families. 1 Graca Machel, The Impact of Armed C onflict on Children, delivered September2000, www.unifem.org/index.php?f_page_pid=97, accessed 11 March 2005.In 2003, the United Nations High fiter forRefugees (UNHCR) estimated there were over 9.6million refugees living worldwide.24 That same year theGlobal IDP Project estimated that nearly 25 millionpeople were internally displaced in approximately 50countries.25 Most of these individuals were children,forced to live for months, sometimes years, in camps.When disaster strikes, families suffer multiple and severedisruptions not only do they lose their homes andlivelihoods, but they often lose their autonomy,livelihoods, and dignity in the camps that are supposedto provide humanitarian relief and protection.Protecting Children in Emergencies Escalating Threats to Children Must Be Addressed VOL.1, NO.1 SPRING 2005 Safe the Children SC-glob-apr05.pdf http//www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/OCHA-6BCNE8/$file/SC-glob-apr05.pdf?openelementSUMMARY OFINTERNATIONAL TREATIES TOPROTECT C HILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT Internet http//www.unicef.org United Nations Childrens FundUNICEF House, OPSCENIn the past decade, two million children have been killed in armed conflict. Three times as many have been seriously injured or permanently disabled. Armed conflict kills andmaims more children than soldiers. civilian fatalities in wartime have climbed from 5 percent at the turn of the centuryto more than 90 percent in the wars of the 1990s. Refugees from armed conflicts worldwide increased from 2.4 million in 1974 to more than 27.4 million in 1996, with another 30 million people displaced within their own countries. Children and women make up an estimated 80 percent of displaced populations.*Children remain susceptible to the physical dangers, as well as to the lasting psychological and social effects of war, once a conflict has ended. Children are vulnerable to physical dangerfrom millions of existing landmines and unexploded ordnance. Children must also cope with the trauma of loss -of their family members, schools, neighborhoods and communities. In addition, millions of children have been forced to witness or even take part in horrifying acts of violence. One UNICEF survey in Rwanda found that nearly 80 percent of the children had lost immediate family members and more than one-third of these had actually witnessed their murder.Children have become targets, not incidental casualties, of armed conflict. War violates every right of a child -the right to life, the right to be with family and community, the right to health and education, the right to the development of the personality, and the right to be nurtured and protected. It is abasic need of children to be protected and cared for when conflicts threaten, and the implementation of international human rights and humanitarian law addresses these needs. A number of international treaties exist to provide for the legal protection and care of children. Too often these treaties areignored, and the world co mmunity must do everything possible to see that these treaties are complied with in all areas of the world.*Education is a basic service which should be provide to all children, including refugee children. Unfortunately this service is less reachable for them despite fact that many young people believe that education is essential to their survival, protection and full recovery from their experience of armed conflict and disasters. They see in education the answers to their need for self-respect, economic and job opportunity and the voice in society. Education also represents an essential condition to peace and security of community and family. Yet, despite of central role in their lives, refugee children find quite often difficultly to access education. While the primary school education is more accusable for children, younger people find more difficult to get into higher education The major barriers to enter education can lay in sort of obstacles like is high cost of attending scho ol and transportation problems, languge and custom barriers. especially for girls. For example in Uganda, although Universal Primary Education was instituted for all children including refugee, costs for materials and uniforms remained out of reach for most young people in the war-torn north. Non-tuition costs for primary school in northern Uganda averaged $120 per year, and secondary school costs were about $350 per year in a country where the estimated annual per capita income was $140 in 2001Competing responsibilities are next major obsticuls to enroll education. Teen parents, heads of households and orphans have particular difficulties obtaining education because, in addition to caring for themselves, they had the added responsibilities of caring for younger siblings and sometimes their own children. On the top of this obticols there is the lack of facilities accommodate children and teaching staff, lack of flexible hours to accommodate work and family responsibilities and/or vo cational and skills training linked to jobs . Sierra Leone is a good illustration of this problem where young people viewed education as a way to establish the peace, and said that access to education opportunities would help them feel less excluded from society, especially for demobilized soldiers who needs to gain skills and access trenings to help them in job market. Educational opportunities and jobs are denied to girls which drow them into into commercial sex work market or early marriages.The barires can laiy also in the host country policies. In Albania during the refugee crisis of 1999, Albanian Kosovars were welcomed to take refuge in camps and urban areas in Albania, but the government did not allow all young people immediate access to public education. Some refugees entered public schools, and some did not. Some refugees set up their own schools without initial external support and still others were attracted to schools opened by religious groups during the crisis.Girls s ituation is even more dramatic, despite commitments to gender equality in education. Girls dont have equal access to education, compared with their male refugee. For instance, 60 percent of girls in Sierra Leone were not attending primary school, and at least 76 percent did not attend secondary school, compared to 71 percent of boys. In northern Uganda, boys were more likely to complete primary school and did better on Primary Leaving Examinations than girls, and fewer girls went on to secondary school. Most girls and boys in each region agreed that, in general, parents valued boys education more than that of girls. Girls also said inadequate clothing, security and sanitary supplies kept many out of school.According to UNHCR approcimetly 1 million refugee children are enrold in UNHCR education support program. 40 precent of enlode are girls and adelnece women, 8 pecent are enrold at pre=school, 82% are attending primeryschool and 9 precent benefict from secondary scholl. Only 1 prec ent is attending higher education system. Pade 7 Document Summary note on UNHCR s strategy and Activities Conserning refugee children Geneva may 2002 http//docstore.ingenta.com/cgi-bin/ds_deliver/1/u/d/ISIS/53779900.1/oup/reflaw/2003/00000015/00000001/art00149/08C6A8EBB1C9214B1259885548168C930EA581BF55.pdf?link=http//www.ingentaconnect.com/error/deliveryformat=pdThe majjoir solution to education problem is ensuring that all refugee children have access to primary and basic education and where possible secondary and professional education will help reduce the risk of exploitation. Special programmes should be tailored to the needs of girls who have dropped out of school to reduce the risk of vailence abuce. Children not only refugee should be educated on their rights. Various forms of social and life skills training, will help young people to make better life choices and help them protect themselves from exploitation. Equal participation of girls in school should be actively promoted . The community also should be involved in recruiting and managing teaching staff and educators whom they feel they can trust, as teachers can also be sexual abusers. Councelation of school fees or low cost of education should be placed. Furthermore, the clubs and counseling by and by school offerring support and relax.Ensure Access to Education SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR REFUGEE CHILDREN Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced PersonsSexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced PersonsImportant is to mention of education for disable refugee children who quite often saffer isolation from community due to their conditions. Children with disabilities often do not get any support and services they need like physical rehabilitation, specialized education and social integration are sometimes neglected. Some times families, healthworkers and teachers have not understood the importance of including disa bled children in normal patterns of activity. In some refugee situations, rehabilitation services are not provided because nationals do not have access to such services entirely still teachers should be encouraged to include disabled children in their classes whenever possible. Clear guidelines should be given on the physical needs of children with various types of disabilities. A positive attitude towards children with disabilities must be encouraged.Futhermore access to secondary school was nearly impossible for most young people in Sierra Leone and northern Uganda, some guaranteeing that they would not have the skills necessary to contribute to the economic development of their communities over time. While young refugees from Kosovo attended secondary school more often over all, they still faced major barriers. Fearing overcrowding, the Albanian government delayed entry into secondary school, and mandated that a summer school program be set up for refugee adolescents seeking to enter secondary school in the fall-a policy decision that left many young people idle. Later, Albanians returned to normal secondary schools in Kosovo after years of participating in a parallel school system, but the schools were in bad condition. Many young people in rural areas, especially girls and minority Romas, could not complete or move beyond primary school. Under very difficult security constraints, many Serb young people separated from family members in order to complete their secondary education. Internally displaced young people often face even higher barriers to education than do refugees. For example, some young Sudanese refugees in northern Uganda fared better than Ugandan internally displaced youth because the refugees had help from UNHCR. By contrast, no international agency was charged with the protection and care of all IDPs. Less than 30 percent of school-age children in IDP camps were enrolled on a full-time basis, compared with the 93 percent primary school en rollment rate in other parts of Uganda. Despite the same security constraints, 77 percent of refugee students in northern Uganda were enrolled in primary school in one settlement that also benefited local Ugandan children. At the same time, both IDPs and refugees had equally poor access to secondary school. Young people who were able to attend school said it was difficult to learn. Their classrooms were often overcrowded and broken down or even without walls and a roof. In the Achol Pii refugee settlement in northern Uganda, each teacher served a class of 110 children in their primary school. In all areas, paper, pens and books were lacking. Many teachers had been killed or had taken other jobs for their own economic survival. Those who remained, according to young people, were often unsupportive and badly prepared. Young people disliked teachers talking at them and called their methods old-fashioned and boring. Young people asked for more participatory approaches to teaching and fo r more opportunities to learn practical and vocational skills. They also asked for more support to help teachers. One young person said, We bring our teachers lunch, so that they will come punt to us eacYOUTH SPEAK OUTNew Voices on the Protection and Participationof Young People Affected by Armed ConflictWomens Commission for Refugee Women and ChildrenJanuary 2005SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR REFUGEE CHILDREN Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced PersonsSexual and Gender-Based Violence against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced PersonsRefugee children often can find themselves at risk of sexual abuse. Their limited ability to protect themselves and limited protection or lack of protection from the law of the host countries law and international institution make them varounable to sextioal explotaion.Refugee children, particularly unaccompanied and separatedfrom families children often can find them at risk of sexual abuse and v iolence. Their limited ability to protect themselves and limited protection or lack of protection from the law of the host countries law and international institution make them varounable to sextioal explotaion.In many cases, trafficking may involve payment to child family or even child themselves Child abuse and exploitation within the family is mauch more complex challenge as sexual violence within the family is almost always seen as a private matter that should not involve outsiders as a result, an abused child may be blamed for the incident and be further victimized. Alsow the abuse is cared by the person responsible for the protection .since the person who is responsible for protecting and caring for the child, in many cases a male relative, is doing neither. Sexual violence within the family is almost always seen as a private matter that should not involve outsiders as a result, an abused child may be blamed for the incident and be further victimizedThe teenage mothers especia lly described pitiful and harsh lives I have to sleep with so manymen to make 1500, so that I can feedmyself and my child. They pay me 300 each time, but if I am lucky and Iget an NGO worker he can pay me 1500 at one time and sometimes I get2000 (girl mother in Guinea) or I sleep with different men but mostly NGO workers because I have to eat and feed my child (girl mother in Liberia) GuineaIts difficult to escape the trap of those

Elecdyne SWOT Analysis | Country SWOT For Labour

Elecdyne SWOT Analysis Country SWOT For LabourIntroductionElecdyne is a Japanese small medium enterprise based in Tokyo, which started telephone circuit in 1990 with a number of five workers. Over ten years, the growth of the smart set has change magnitude succeederfully, staff strength has change magnitude to 100 workers and with the use of engine room licensed from a number of multinationals, the company instanter produces a wide range of electronic products which include televisions, CD players, DVD players, hi-fi equipments, Mp3 players etc.A brief history into the Japanese economy shows that during the 1980s, the Japanese economy was the envy of the reality. GDP per capita had travel from $5,000 in 1960 to $15,000 in 1980, and by 1990 had eclipsed $22,000. Through the towership of companies like Sony, Japan had become the clear leader in innovation of consumer electronics products and senior lavishly volume school electronic assembly. The combination of growing ind igenous demand, orbicular consumer electronics product leadership, and many years of investment in manufacturing technology and capacity certainly benefited Japanese electronics producers the 1980s.The realize Domestic harvest-tide (GDP) in Japan expanded at an annual rate of 3.80 percent in the last quarter. Japan Gross Domestic Product is worth 4909 billion dollars or 7.92% of the world economy, according to the World Bank. Japans industrialized, free market economy is the second-largest in the world. Its economy is mellowedly efficient and competitive in aras linked to international trade, alone productivity is far lower in protected areas such as agriculture, distribution, and services. Japans reservoir of industrial leadership and technicians, well-educated and restless work force, high-pitched savings and investment rates, and intensive promotion of industrial development and contrary trade produced a mature industrial economy. Japan has a few(prenominal) natural r esources, and trade helps it earn the foreign exchange needed to purchase raw materials for its economyOverviewJapan has a history of struggling with deflation. The 1990s are often referred to as Japans lost decade because of its 10-year struggle with falling prices. As a result, a stagnant Japanese economy dampened internal consumer and business demand, as well as signifi stinkert investment in domestic electronics production capacity. As a consequence, Japanese production has grown at only fractional the rate of the total manufacturing over the last ten years, and local anesthetic production share is on a trajectory to decline to1980 levels over the undermentioned five to ten yearsOver the past two years, Elecdyne has remained stagnant the company had an initial success competing with price but is presently finding it more and more difficult to compete given its need to pay for licenses, distribution of products is limited as supplies are within the Japanese market only, diff iculty of hiring research graduates, and its high wage rates as relative to Eastern Europe and China,In line of battle to detect the pros and cons the company is undergoing, a SWOT analysis will be carried out. The analysis looks at internal factors, the strengths and weaknesses of the business, and external factors, the opportunities and threats facing the business. The SWOT analysis will give a clearer picture into the status of the company and the business environs wherein it is operating in at the present meter.STRENGTHS20 years experience in producing electronics100 staff workforcePossession of equipments needed fro production legitimate Product varietyWEAKNESSLimited market(supplies only to Japanese market)Poor financial position lack of resourcesNo growth in the last two yearsLack of innovationNo branding loyalty5% cut put through on priceStaff is less motivated inefficient to recruit RD graduatesLack of international operations low gear market shareOPPORTUNITIESFlexibili tyHigh chance for innovationAdvances in technology and the ability to mete out via the internetNew market opportunities could be a way to push elecdyneChanges in technology could give elecdyne an opportunity to bolster future success.Structural changes in the industry open early(a) doors and opportunities for elecdyne.THREATSAggressive competitorsIncrease in licence followIncreased competition from overseas is a nonher threat to elecdyne as it could lead to lack of interest in their products/services. The actions of a competitor could be a major threat against elecdyne, for instance, if they bring in unexampled technology or increase their workforce to meet demand. A slow economy or financial slowdown could nurse a major impact on elecdynes business and profits. Lack of international operations. Rapidly changing market Products become old very quickly.High cost of fag outPOTENTIAL STRATEGIES FOR ELECDYNEIn smart set to compete in the electronics market, listed below are some strategies that can be useful to Elecdyne.Reduce product range to a few Introduce the company to E-Business Company can move to an area of lower cost Source cheaper suppliers to reduce cost Develop marketing activity to leaven their products Re-branding of products in order to boost company name Offer work placements for students in order to boost RDRECCOMENDATIONAfter proper and careful analysis of Elecdyne Electronics Company, inorder for the company to grow promptly and remain in market, we the management hereby strongly recommend that the company be moved to another unpolished preferably a region that is bit of the TRIAD market, so as to gain access to more markets, deepening relations with the overseas economy.Significance of GlobalizationThe World Bank defines globalization as the freedom and ability of individuals and firms to initiate voluntary economic transactions with residents of other countries. Milanovic (2002). In this definition, freedom means the lack of barri ers in the cross-border movement of capital and drudge force, among other things, and capacity means that there is the ability to provide commodities and services across borders or to conduct economic activities in other countries. Looking pricker at the past, it appears that globalization advanced as technology and teaching-carrying capacity for transport, communications, finance, insurance and other aspects developed and political barriers to the movement of trade, capital and other items were removed. These developments boosted income levels, which in period of play further deepened economic ties. Hence globalization is a trend that brings about economic development. (Boyacigiller, 1990 Harzing, 2001). In order to enjoy the benefits of globalization, it will be necessary to promote technological innovation in companies without delay and promptly adapt economic and social schemas to respond to technological innovation, eliminate barriers and foster human resources that are ca pable to carry out these changes. Heizo (2004) Structural reform is important in Elecdynes relations with overseas economies Structural reform stimulates the domestic economy and is also important in the process of deriving benefits from globalization. In other words, the major objectives of structural reform are to ensure that the market mechanism fully functions, broadly enhance productivity and move labour and capital, among others, from low productivity areas to high productivity areas. This will also allow Elecdyne to reap benefits from closer economic ties with overseas economies. In business, the success of overseas operations has been attributed to several factors, such as good strategy, smart marketing, efficient production and excellent management.Among them, effective expatriate management has been well authenticated (Mendenhall and Oddou, 1986 Dowling et al., 1999). Despite the fact that the company has had no contact with overseas market, we the management of Elecdyn e electronics have decided to deduce a strategy on going global foc development more on countries within the TRIAD market (which are Europe, North America and South East Asia). Hence we have come up with five possible countries that we could relocate to taking into consideration two main issues- Access to technological expertise to avoid reliance on large multinationals, and cost minimisation.These countries have been chosen based on some of the following reasonsAdvanced technologyWide expanse of landFavourable business environmentLow cost of raw materials and productionHighly good labour etc.Analysis of the five countries using SWOTCOUNTRY 1-GERMANYIt is the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 63rd largest in the world. As Europes largest economy and second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany shares borders with more European countries than any other country on the continent. Its neighbours are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, France and Luxembourg in the south-west and Belgium and the Netherlands in the north-west.Therefore Germany would carefully be analysed using the SWOT analysis,StrengthsGermany is the UKs number one European export market and number two world-wideamong the worlds largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronicsMarket- Germany hosts the largest concentration of OEM plants in EuropePersonnel Germanys excellent highly-skilled labour force. 750,000 highly-trained and experienced peopleRD- Germany is home to 42 percent of all European OEM and tier 0.5 supplier automotive RD centers.Has some of the worlds best universities, these include Technical University, Munich Germany University of Bonn, Germany etcImportant research institutions in Germany are the Max Planck society, the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft and the Fraunhofer society. They are independently or externally connect ed to the university system and contribute to a capacious extent to the scientific output.WeaknessesThe socialists are a strong force and there is labour union problem.The wages are high which increases the costs.Cultural differencesComplex business cultureStrict safety and packaging regulationsOpprtunitiesA total of 15 billion euros made available by the establishment for RD projects in cutting edge technologies.Easy access to other EU countriesHighly developed E-commerce serviceHigh demand for electronic productsThreatsThreat from new emerging marketsProtection of environment and climateMounting pressure to reduce the CO2 emissions.adjustment time for adapting the high German standardsStiff competition from local and global competitorsCOUNTRY 2- POLANDPoland is the 9th largest country in Europe it has a population of over 38million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and one of the most populous Union. Its natural resources include coal, sulphur, c opper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, arable land. Poland would carefully be analysed using the SWOT analysis,Strengthsrelatively low cost of labour, affirmative geographic location on transit routes,large internalMarket (compared to other Central and Eastern Europe countries).availability of highly qualified labour forcepresence of universities, support of authorities, the largest market in central Europe, and possibly the lowest labour costs on the continent,Member of the EULocation among East and WestLong industrial traditionStable economyStable political systemWide educational systemBiggest country of the EU members in the CEEDiversified industryStill attractive employment costsAttractive tax systemMultinational companies such as ABB, Delphi, GlaxoSmithKline, Google, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Intel, LG Electronics, Microsoft, Motorola, Siemens and Samsung have set up research and development centres in Poland.The Polish consumer electronics marketgrew by 4.5% in 2005 to reach a v alueof 938.5 million.WeaknessesEU Accession whitethorn drive cost of living higherPoor communication infrastructureInsufficient management cultureWeak ability of domestic RD institutes to cooperate with industry and make commercial use of scientific search resultsShortage of financial instruments for SMEs and innovation development and low ability of entrepreneurs for self-financing of development investmentVery high levels of unemploymentPoland imports much more in electronics goodsthan it exports. The value of imports is morethan twice the value of electronics exports.In 2005 Poland imported electronics goodsworth EUR 6,911.3 million. The growth rate(over 2004) was almost 22.0%.OpportunitiesThe strong inflow of FDIin this sector in LCD screens, mobile phones, domestic audio and video equipment,appliances, automotive controls complemented by electronic contract manufacturers(Flextronics, Jabil, Kimball) and telecom equipment manufacturers (Lucent, Alcatel,Siemens) creates opportun ities for sub- release, electronic components, sum chain and testing services.Poland is becoming the manufacturing hub for TVs in EuropeThreatsCurrent policies are not bringing changes about fast enough to maintain implementation of information societyIndustries in Poland will face higher costs with accession into the EUThere is an increase in competition as multinational companies are investing in the polish market.In Poland the leading manufacturersof TV sets are the international companiesJabil (commissioned by Philips), Daewoo,LG Electronics and Thomson.COUNTRY 3- INDIAThe Republic of India is in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.Its natural resources include Coal, Iron ore, Manganese, Mica, Bauxite, Titanium ore, Chromites, Natural gas, Diamonds, fossil oil etc. India would carefully be analy sed using the SWOT analysis,StrengthsIndia is now the worlds twelfth largest economy by market exchange rates and the fourth largest in palatopharyngoplasty terms (2003) after US, China Japan.inexpensive high-skilled labour needed for theindustry is available in abundance in IndiaIndias low manufacturing costs in skilled labour and raw materialsAvailability of engineering skills.And opportunity to meet demand in the populous Indian market, are driving its electronics market.The electronics market in India, at US$ 11.5 billion in 2004, will be the fastest-growing electronics market worldwide over the next several yearsAbundant low-wage skilled/semi-skilled labour Indias strategic location offers a promising manufacturing/exporting base Abundant supply of raw materials Deregulation and liberalisation of industrial policy Incentive packages for Export bear upon Zones (EPZs) and ExportOriented Units (EOUs) are very attractive India is changing rapidly and offers an attractive opportu nity based onmarket size (200 million centerfield class by the year 2000) and growth The non-resident Indians estimated to number over 15 million have majorimpact on the Indian economy, industrial policies and foreigncollaborations India is poised to be a major industrial power by the turn of the century.It is advantageous for American firms to position themselves as partnersin this fantastic growth. The business climate of India is improving (Naidu, 1984)India is one of the largest recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world. In FY2004/05, India received $3.75 billion.WeaknessesInfrastructure that needs to be improved at the early possibility.Easing of foreign investment proceduresFrequent power failures and shortages leading to disruptionsOpportunitiesThere is a strong 100 150 million middle class thathas considerable discretionary income making India an attractive market forconsumer goods.ThreatsA restructured government duty that now makes domestically manufact ured goods more expensive than imported goods with zero tariffImport licensing regulations for non-high tech items remain a majorbarrier.UK companies are well positioned to take advantage of this growing export and investment market.Indian policy does not favour the use of limited foreign exchangefor non-essential products.COUNTRY 4- TURKEY bomb calorimeter is an emerging market with a population of around 72 million, 50% of which is under the age of 28. Turkey has the worlds 13th largest urban population at about 50 million. Its the worlds 15th and Europes 6th largest economy. Turkey is also a springboard to the markets of Central Asia the Middle East.Turkey ispolitically stable,the government having been in office for nine years. Today, Turkey is investing significant sums in upgrading its infrastructure, including projects to build new dams, airports, roads and water and sewerage systems. Its recent, record economic growth, its talented, young workforce and its geographical loc ation as a prime hub for regional market access makes Turkey a hugely attractive destination for trade and investment.StrengthsNational minimum (gross) wage, which is currently YTL 608 per calendar month (approximately 260 per month)Average basic salary Japan 250,000 450,000 yen per month (UK 1700 3200 p.m.)Turkish made colour TVs have a good reputation amongst European consumers re price qualityExperienced local labour supply in abundance. As at 2009 approx. 2000 manufacturing companies in the field of electronics, approx. 30,000 employed in this sectorWeaknessesRaw materials for the electronics sector have the highest import rate as these cannot well be sourced locallyTurkish is still the official language of commerce, although English and some German are increasingly spoken. A professional interpreter would be required for official meetings.In a year, total amount of overtime cannot exceed 270 hoursOpportunitiesFinancial incentivesStrong export orientationExports of Turkish -made consumer electronic products have increased since 1990 in 178 countries, mostly directed towards the European marketsAccess to European market.Opportunity to expand markets to countries which include Romania, Germany, Portugal, Bulgaria, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan CroatiaThe Turkish electronics industry is young but dynamic. It is committed to competing on an international scale by producing high quality, well-priced goods supported by a wide range of products.On-going RD activities, engineering quality efficient after-sales serviceThreatsThe consumer market is now moving towards demand for LCD Plasma TV creating a need for Turkish manufacturers to invest in new technologiesAggressive competition from national MNEs. Arcelik Beko (subsidiaries of KOC Holding) second-largest TV producer in Turkey. Has 15% approx. European market share. Beko has strong international reputation. Both have a wide product portfolio and their own technology products using plasma, LCD, MEMS t echnologies. Both companies have purchased international acquisitions such as Grundig AG (Germany) Home Intermedia System Division (2004). Arcelik has also established a partnership with Ubicom (Silicone Valley, USA) and plans to integrate the Ubicom microcontroller stem into its projects where new technologies unique in their field have been used (Smart Appliances will be launched soon to consumer market).COUNTRY 5-CHINAStrengthsHuge consumer base. All the time being lifted out of povertyCheap production. Already 30,000 factories over there.There are several free trade zones, 53 new high tech zonesIn 2003 China supported 1,552 institutions of higher learning.If Hong Kong is included it has immense technical expertise and language skills as well.If Hong Kong is included then it has an outstanding supportGNP increasing an average of 9% annually(Benson, 1996) and ranked third in theWorld (Jing, 1993).Export growth of 25% and imports up 15%(Landy, 1996). result continue to dominate l ight andmedium-tech industries because of thelarge market in China and the pool of labour.Leads world in direct foreign investment $135Billion (Taninecz, 1996). Foreigninvested companies equal 31.5% ofall Chinas exports (or about $46.9 billion).This netted about $8.4 billion in taxes(Taninecz, 1996 and China The NumbersGame, 1995.Worlds most lucrative market (Schafer,1996) of which China represents one-sixthof the worlds population(Taninecz, 1996). pleonastic labor in rural areas andimpoverished farm lands (Gao, 1994) andgrowing 10 million per year. Estimatedto reach 250 million by 2000.Lower wages than Japan and Taiwan.Weaknesses putrescence is a problem.Government controls everything and joint ventures are encouraged.Intellectual property rights not developed.Average inflation is 15%, and surpluslabour has resulted in risingunemployment and inequalities in incomedistribution (Benson, 1996).Railways, roads, communications, andpower supply are below standard.Employees need custome r servicetraining.Roads are jammed with thousands ofbicycles, buses, trucks, and taxis.OpportunitiesOpportunity for lower cost but high quality production.As technological advancements are made we can hire better RD staff.Good place to control operations due to proximity and infrastructure.Direct Investments or Joint VenturesEquity and contractual ventures providequicker access to the market. Partners inChina can help with the bureaucracy,customer base, and distribution.ThreatsAmerican turning point can hit ChinaCorruption can lead to loss of reputationUnderdeveloped Intellectual property rights can mean technology can be stolen by suppliersEffectiveness of investments in Chinawill only be evident in the long-run andpolicies make it hard for non-Chinacompanies to make money.Lack of a legal structure similar to thoseEasily understood (Taninecz,1996).Having investigated these five countries based on their strengths and weaknesses, we the management team of Elecdyne have decided to s hortlist these countries down to three which are1. Germany2. Poland3. China.

Studying The Numerous Functions Of Maybank2u Information Technology Essay

Studying The Numerous Functions Of Maybank2u In mixed bagation Technology EssayFund lurch simply means manoeuvre near amount of property from an grievance to another broadside via Internet. By having this amour, Maybank2u(M2U) allows its registered users to budge fund online without having queuing at bank counter to canalize out transaction. For example, p bents bottomland take fund to their children who study foreign by using this service. Besides, corporate user can use this function to pay their supplier and so they do not need to use cheque to depict payment which is more risky comp ared to fund take because the user or supplier may disjointed the cheque.On Maybank2u.com, users can raptus silver between testify Maybank accounts, e.g. from savings account to current account, to other Maybank accounts, to other local banks or financial institutions and murder funds abroad. transit between cause Maybank accountsM2U users can send funds between own Maybank accou nts. To channel funds between own Maybank accountsUsers must be a registered M2U user.First, login on Maybank2u.com.They can then choose banking area of Accounts and Banking to transfer funds.An overview of saving and current accounts balance allow for be shown on screen afterward.By clicking Transfers at the option panel at left hand side, it will bring users to main transfer page and users can choose own account transfer.Then, users can enter transfer details such as amount to be transferred, transfer funds from which account to which account and select an effective visit for the transfer to take place.After this is done, users can review transfer details to confirm the transaction. If users have changed their mind, they can correct it by moving back to the preceding page.If users confirm the transaction, they can click the Confirm tab and a confirmation screen will be shown to show whether the transfer is successful or fail.Users will be given a unique reference number for th e transfer as record.They can then print receipt of the transfer or make another transfer.This transfer takes less than 3 minutes to be done. It is fast and convenient. There is no limit for users to transfer fund between own accounts as long as there is balance in their account.Transfer.jpgFigure 1.1 Own account transferTransfer to third partys Maybank accountTo transfer funds from own account to third partys Maybank account, M2U users can choose to transfer funds immediately or at a selected future date, just like how transferring between own accounts does. If users have selected any future transfers, all the outstanding future transfers will be recorded in a table and users are allowed to check on pending funds transfer and cancel them anytime. However, there is a limit for daily transfer which is of maximum RM5000 per day. This service is dispatch of charge.Steps to carry this transfer are almost the same with that of transfer between own Maybank accounts. The differences betwe en these two are users have to select third party account transfer instead of own account transfer. There are also some functions available in this transfer.The first function is 3rd Party Account Maintenance. This function allows users to save account details of someone whom users transfer funds frequently, so that users do not need to key in account number all(prenominal) time when they want to transfer funds. Users are allowed to save up to 20 favourite accounts and update or delete the account details.Another function provided for this transfer is Transaction Limit Maintenance. The maximum limit of amount that users can transfer per day is RM5000. Users may set their own daily transaction limit from 1 cent to maximum of RM5000.Besides, for immediate transfer, users are allowed to send e-mail to recipients in order to in fashion model them that they have transferred money to their accounts.Transfer1.jpgFigure 1.2 Transfer to 3rd partys Maybank accountTransfer to accounts of othe r local banks or financial institutionsM2U users can also transfer funds to savings or current accounts of other local banks or financial institutionssuch as all toldiance Bank, CIMB Bank, HSBC, Citibank, etc. This transfer is named GIRO Interbank Transfer. There are a few types of payment can be made with GIRO which is funds transfers to savings or current accounts, character reference peak payment, loan payment and hire purchase payment.During weekdays, recipients will receive fund transferred at the same day if users transfer fund before 12pm and the money will be credited to recipients account before 12 midnight. For funds transferred after 12pm, recipients will receive the amount in the next working day. For funds transferred during weekends and public holidays, recipients will receive the money in the next working day.Steps to carry out this transfer are almost the same with the steps above but senders have to select New Interbank GIRO Transfer and they also required to select which bank to transfer to before they enter transfer details. Senders will also be challengeed about whether they want validation of recipients ID at their bank.m2.jpgFigure 1.3 Transfer to other banks accountThere is also a daily transfer limit for this transfer which is RM5000 and there is also RM2 charge for service fee. Like the transfer funds to third party, users can also set their favourite IBG Transfers to their favourite list and there is a maximum of 20 favourites.Transfer funds overseasIf M2U users want to transfer funds (cash or credit money) overseas online, users can do this by using Foreign Telegraphic Transfer. Users can transfer money to 3rd party account by Credit to Account to 50 countries in 24 currencies conveniently while for cash, users can only send it to 6 countries.Maybank2u has set a daily transfer limit for this fund transfer. To transfer cash, users must transfer at least RM250 or maximum up to RM1000. For credit to account, users must transfer a t least RM250 and maximum up to RM10000. This transaction is processed by SWIFT and TAC (security code) authentication, so it is fast and safe. Besides, Maybank2u is able to calculate the repute of the funds that you want to transfer by converting currency instantly. The amount will then be debited directly from users Maybank saving or current account to 3rd party account.Maybank will charge a transaction fee of RM10 to sender for each transaction carried out. Recipient will also be charged by their bank and the amount is different in every country. The time taken for recipient to receive money depends on recipients bank.Besides all these transfers functions, on the Transfers page, users are also allowed to check transfer history, future transfers and foreign telegraphic transfer history and manage their favourite transfers.CREDIT CARDSThere are entirety 23 types of credit card available in Maybank. Details about various types of credit cards are available on Maybank2u.com. People who are Malaysian and aged 21st to 65th years old with specified range of amount of income can apply for Maybank credit card. For supplementary cardholders, they must be of at least 21st years old. For those who wish to apply Maybank credit cards, they are provided with a function which can help them to get a card that is best suit themselves.First, they will be questioned about their income and also what type of card are they looking for. After make selection, all results will be shown and users are allowed to make comparison between cards.credit card2.jpgFigure 1.5 Choose income range and types of cardAfter users have made decision on which card to choose, they can download application form from Maybank2u.com, print it and fill in details. For applicants who wish to have a supplementary cardholder, they can download supplementary form online too. After all these are done, they can hand up the application form attach with all required documents to one of the branches to apply for credit card.dl application form.jpgFigure 1.6 Download credit card application formIMPROVEMENTThere are total 8 methods available in Maybank to transfer fund which are Maybank Money Express, Foreign Telegraphic Transfer, 3rd party own account transfer, GIRO Interbank Transfer, China Remittance Service, MEPS Interbank Funds Transfer, Foreign doer Telegraphic Transfer and MoneyGram Money Transfer. However, there are only three methods available on Maybank2u.com.In order to increase customers option in transferring funds, Maybank should accommodate a few more methods on Maybank2u.com. In other words, it should make any of the five methods available to use online.For example, Maybank Money Express is one of the methods that allows overseas recipients to receive money instantly. By providing reference number given by the sender, recipients can receive the money immediately without having to wait. If this function is available online, users (sender) do not have to travel to branch phys ically to perform this transaction and recipients can still receive money at once. By having this, users can transfer funds in a more efficient manner. This directly increases customers satisfaction and also the banks reputation and it may attract more customers since it provides the most convenient way for customers to transfer funds overseas.Besides, M2U should increase daily transfer limit for transfer fund to 3rd party account. The default daily transfer limit is RM5000. If users want to transfer more than RM5000, they have to wait until next working day or proceed to ATM to conduct the transaction. This causes inconvenience to users who wish to transfer funds in a larger amount without having travel to branch physically. So, M2U should increase its daily transfer limit so that users can transfer more money online. natural FUNCTIONSIn order to response more promptly to customers request, M2U should provide a function which allows customers to have direct conversations with custo mer service representatives online when they face problem in using functions on M2U. This is also known as chat box. Many online shopping websites adopt this function so that they can react faster to customers question and need. Conventionally, when users face problems, they either give a call to customer service department or send e-mail and wait for their reply. These take time and some customers may feel impatient while waiting for their reply. Businesses should always place their customers as their top priority and they should fulfill customers need as much as possible and as fast as possible. So, if M2U develop this function, it can response more quickly to customers need and this indirectly increase customers satisfaction and they can obtain customers loyalty.For users who wish to apply Maybank credit card online, M2U again causes another inconvenience as there is no function that allows customers to apply credit card online. All it has are only detailed information about cre dit cards and users can download application form if they want to apply credit cards.So, M2U should pucker this function and it can further develop another function for applicants to upload supporting documents. By having this, supporting documents such as NRIC, latest BE form with official tax receipt, latest 2 months salary slips, latest 3 months savings account activity/current account statements, etc can be uploaded and submitted online by the applicants together with the application of credit card. This function really bring great convenience for people who are busy and always have no free time to travel to branch physically.

How Do Fake IDs Assist In The Corruption Of Minors :: essays research papers

How do fake IDs assist in illegal activity in under long time bush league? We think that with the useof fake IDs, minors are able to obtain things they would not be able to get without a fakeid, thus increasing the use of alcohol (going to bars), and underage smoking. It alikeincreases other things that minors would not be able to do, such as get into over 18 clubs,R rated movies, buy spraypaint and weaponry such as boxcutters.      The problems of the underage youth using fake IDs to buy substances, and dothings that they would normally not be able to do without the use of a fake ID, is an ageold problem. With the help of computers and s fuelners, making fake IDs is simple, and theresults are usually high quality.1 Computer technology offers rich possibilities for fraud. A document s nookiener can " deal" a picture and "draw" a copy onto the memory of thecomputer. Laser techniques are used to convert the image to digital data. A copying motorca r developed by Xerox for the Department of Defense as a tool in high-speed mapmaking can also generate good copies of drivers licenses. It is also possible to rearrangeimages on a computer. Document scanners and fast color printers make it lento to fakeimages and documents. Through digital retouching, computer-generated images can becombined in new ways, unwanted images can be deleted (such as UNDER 21 written on alicense), and colors and fonts can be added and changed. What is usually changed on afake ID used by a teenager is the birthday, thus making the person older then they are.Although some states offer ID cards with holograms, double pictures of the person, andother features that thwart alterations and reproduction of the ID cards, the use offraudulent identification is increasing in the United States.2     Obtaining ID cards is incredibly easy for an underage teenager. They can beobtained from older siblings, friends, and relatives. Another thing that underage people dois buy a friends ID who is over the age of 18 or 21, and have them report it stolen. Inaddition to that, there are stores where you can go to buy fake IDs. On the web, you canjust type in www.fake-id.org and you have access to buy fake IDs. When buying a fake id,the store or webpage usually has a disclaimer saying they will not be held liable for youractions, and that the ID is a "novelty card". Before entering most "how to make/buy fake

Biomes of the World Essay -- The Worlds Biomes

A biome, also kn receive as life z whizs, consists of all plants, animals, and other organisms, as well the physical surroundings in a particular area. A biome is characterized by its plant life, climate, and location. The climate and physical features determine the boundaries of a biome. A biome is made up of many incompatible ecosystems. The ecosystems tend to take aim the same pants and animals as neighboring biomes around the boundaries. The major biomes are the tundra, taiga, tropical rain forest, temperate forests, desert, grassland, savanna, chaparral, and marine. Each biome has its own characteristics such as the tundra.The tundra is a biome that is located in the Northern Hemisphere of the world. It circles the North Pole and reaches down to the taiga. The tundra has a very cold and harsh climate, in particular in the winters. The average winter temperatures is about -30F and average summer temperatures is roughly 37-54F. The yearly amount of precipitation, whi ch includes melting snow, averages to about 6 to 10 inches. With these conditions it makes for a short growing season of about 50-60 days. In some parts it can be up to 180 days. This is only found in the more than southern part of the tundra. Another aspect of the tundra includes the vegetation that is found there and the adaptations that have been made.The tundra is known for its cold temperatures, but also its limited plant species. The increase of the vegetation is primarily low to the ground and the biomass of plants is concentrated in the roots. Here the plants reproduce more likely by division and building than by vizor pollination. Some of that growthforms that you will find in the tundra include tussock, mats or cushion plants, rosettes, and dwarf shru... ...enthic, coral reef, and estuaries. Some freshwater habitats include marches, lakes, rivers, ponds, wetlands, and bogs.All the biomes of the world have climates, plants, and animals all their own. Traveling through each zone you can pick out the similar adaptations of each plant and animal. Biomes are unique to their location, each one of great importance to the world.Bibliography1.Biomes, http//ths.sps.lane.edu/biomes2.Aquatic Biomes, http//redbaron.bishops.ntc.nf.ca/wells/biomes/html/aquatic.htm3.Biomes, SLW, October 1996, http//runet.edu/swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes4.Chaparral, http//www.csun.edu/csc24235/hairach.html5.Northern Coniferous Forest, http//www.uwsp.edu/acaddept/geog/faculty/ritter/geog101/biomes_northern_forest.html6.The World of Biology, 4th ed., Davis, Solomon, Berg Saunders College Publishing, 1994.